Here we go again. SAAMI load pressure are 11500 for a 12ga. The gun was designed and constructed to take it, whether damascus or fluid steel. That is a stout load. One can buy 12ga shells that are over that, these so called magnum , heavy pheasant, heavy duck, etc.
A person may choose to limit the load and pressure through the gun based on a variety of factors, eg, he doesn't think his old metal is up to it, he thinks his stock won't take it, he thinks his shoulder won't take it, he prefers light loads ,etc.
I personally will sometimes shoot max loads for late season, long hard shots. The rest of the time I load down or buy factory shells that are reduced from SAAMI max. A knowledgable shotgunner recognizes that recoil and chamber pressure are different but related and through manipulation of load components, he can adjust either or both.
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