This is a matter of basic physics. It's just a matter of how large a hole gets pierced. If it's a large hole there's a lot of pressure from the powder ignition, 11,000psi in some shells, and hence volume of air that can backfeed through the primer into the gun. It's the combination of the primer and the powder ignition that does the damage. A tiny hole and not much happens. Remember it's ps i, as in "inches". Pounds per square inch. The more square inches of hole, the more volume of air is going to get through. The PSI remains the same regardless but the hole size controls the volume of air that can pass through. A little hole lets a little through, a large hole lets a lot through. The holes my Remington makes are pinholes of approximately .2mm so the leakage is minimal. That .454 looks like it punched the primer clean through and into the shell so it's not at all surprising the amount of damage. It probably punched the hole in the bottom of the primer pocket clean out to the diameter of the firing pin.
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