Todd: Stevens made a Model 235 Hammer Double, not Hunter Arms
re: collusion
Jack O'Connor,
Outdoor Life, 1942
A good many people resent being told that their much loved old guns were no longer safe. Just for the fun of it, Lou Smith (President of Ithaca Gun Co.) proofed (using 17,500 psi Proof Loads in 1942) a dozen or so damascus and twist beauties which were lying around the plant. Here's the dope: Most of the old timers busted loose
with the first proof shell. The rest did with the second. Guns tried were cheap, medium priced and expensive: but all of them went. So if anyone wants to go ahead using modern smokeless stuff in a gun built for black powder, he can; but he can include me out.
Reviewing the findings Lou writes: "These birds who persist in using smokeless powder in twist and damascus barrels remind me of the guy who made a living by sticking his head in the lion's mouth at the circus. He got away with it for a long time; then one day he didn't!"
1897 "Bored for Black and Nitro Powder"
1899 "Guaranteed Not To Shoot Loose With Nitro Powder" (doesn't say anything about not blowing up

)
Seems odd that this 1909 Twist barrel Ithaca is clearly stamped "NITRO POWDER PROVED"