More than one factor effects the felt recoil of a gun. Chamber length is one of them. In relation to the cartridge length, of course. If the mouth of a case restricts the passage of the charge into the forcing cone and barrel proper, it will contribute to felt recoil. But not by much.
Other factors include the LOADING. Which, in the case of most commercial ammunition is fairly "stiff." Each firm has its own idea of a good 20-bore load.
Gun weight is another factor. So is stock configuration. Buttstock "plate" or pad. Shooting style, etc.
However, I've fired thousands upon thousands of handloaded 3/4 oz. 20-bore loads in 2 3/4-inch cases/2 1/2 -inch chambers with perfect comfort and results. But that's just me...
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